Understanding the causes of the dam overflow and management responses provides an opportunity to improve climate resilience in the future. Lake Magadi, located in the southern part of the RVBA, has the second-largest drainage area of 8,349km 2 , but the rivers pouring into this lake flow underground. The lake also has a significant population of turtles. The livelihoods of many people in the catchment are closely tied to access to grazing or small-scale farming by the river banks. Turkwel River. In fact, the Omo River supplies nearly 90% of the water in Lake Turkana. en The mountain is the catchment area for the several rivers such as the Suam River, which becomes the Turkwel downstream and drains into Lake Turkana, and the Nzoia River and the Lwakhakha River, which flow to Lake Victoria. For example, the Turkana mud turtle is endemic to the lake. Figure 1: The Turkwel river drains to Lake Turkana, has a total drainage area of 23,740km2. Lake Turkana is a 2,473 square mile lake in Africa, primarily situated in northern Keyna's Great Rift Valley, with a small section located within southern Ethiopia. Lakes along the Great African Rift System from Ethiopia to Tanzania are at their highest levels in decades. The river begins within the Ethiopian Highlands and flows for approximately 400 miles before draining into Lake Turkana. The scheme is situated along River Turkwel; which is perennial, and irrigation water is diverted by gravity through earth canal to the scheme. Mutludere (also known as Rezovo) flows from Turkey into Bulgaria. Now you have River Turkwel (Supports the Turkwel Dam) at risk, add to Kerio River that's starts at Embobut Forest at Risk. The looming crises is a consequence of a sustained period of high rainfall over the last few years (figure 2) and particularly since October 2019. The prospect of the dam overflowing in Turkana County comes in the context of the ongoing coronavirus-related disruption and the need to sustainably manage the Turkwel river for all its water users. Flow into the Black Sea Europe. Rising from the jungles that border Uganda, Mt Elgon is an impressively craggy extinct Volcano. Additionally, it was estimated that the lake's water level would decrease by almost 32 feet, and would impact nearly 300,000 individuals by increasing the salinity of the lake. The Turkwel River is a river flowing from Mount Elgon in the border of Kenya and Uganda to Lake Turkana. In terms of drainage, the area consists mainly of seasonal lagers except for River Turkwel which drains into Lake Turkana. ... River Malewa that drains into Lake Naivasha. These are non-trivial conditions. The town of Kitale is … The Kerio River has two main tributaries, the Embobut River and the Arror River, both of which f… It is the world's largest permanent desert lake and the world's largest alkaline lake. Major rivers flowing into L. Turkana on Kenyan side are the Turkwel and Kerio rivers. The Turkwel River, on the other hand, drains directly into. Ongoing research examining these physical processes suggests that unusually high temperatures in the Indian Ocean may play a part, along with outflows of very humid air from the Congo Basin. The Kerio River, which begins in Kenya's Amasya Hills and drains into Lake Turkana, has a length of 217 miles. Rivers Nzoia and Lwakhakha both drain into Lake Victoria. In the semi-arid zones downstream of the dam, groundwater is the critical water resource and a buffer to low rainfall during droughts. Flowing entirely within Kenya's borders, the Turkwel begins in Mount Elgon and flows for roughly 211 miles before draining into Lake Turkana. The 'Dark River' flows 1,000 km under Greenland and drains into a fjord, scientists think. The county has a bimodal type of rainfall. The Mara River flows for 245 miles from the Mau Escarpment and drains into Lake Victoria, stretching through both Kenya and Tanzania. The mountain soils are red laterite. The town of Kitale is at the foothills of the mountain. Dam operation guidelines developed in the 1980s are unlikely to have fully considered the possibility of changing climate conditions, and rapid transitions between low and extremely high rainfall. The Turkwel River drains a small area in Uganda’s eastern edge. During a humid period in the Turkana Basin (and most of northern Africa), lake levels in the basin reached up to 456 m asl, an overflow point into the Nile drainage basin. What Are The Primary Inflows And Outflows Of Lake Michigan? Increasing evidence shows extreme rainfall events are associated with high groundwater recharge in many parts of Kenya and Africa. Now you have River Turkwel (Supports the Turkwel Dam) at risk, add to Kerio River that's starts at Embobut Forest at Risk. More rain in the highlands and the rest of … The climate is equatorial but not uniform. The Omo and Gibe are sometimes considered to be the same river due to the similarity in their size and course. A small area in the eastern edge of Uganda is drained by the River Turkwel and is also a part of the basin of the Lake Turkana. Elgon Caves. The river is called the Suam River from its source to the border with the West Pokot County of Kenya. Better information and mapping of key recharge zones would help guard against threats from urban or agricultural expansion. High rainfall can also be beneficial. The lake loses approximately 7.5 feet of water each year through evaporation. The area around the mountain is protected by two Mt Elgon National Parks, one is in Kenya and the other in Uganda. Historically, Lodwar which was founded in 1919 as an army base of colonial Government also served as the administrative headquarters of the former Turkana District. This is especially the case for the traditionally drier months of the year from June to September. The Ewaso Nyiro (north) River, Kenya’s third longest, runs from two main tributaries up through laikipia, through to North Eastern Province, where it disperses into the desert. 1). This remote region makes for interesting trekking through deep forest and across broad moorlands. To reduce damages and to improve water security we propose three areas for action. The Turkwel River (sometimes spelled Turkwell River) is a river flowing from Mount Elgon on the border of Kenya and Uganda to Lake Turkana.The river is called the Suam River from its source to the border at West Pokot County of Kenya. The water of Lake Turkana originates primarily from three rivers: the Omo River, which flows in Ethiopia; and the Kerio and Turkwel rivers, that flow in Kenya. The town of Kitale is at the foothills of the mountain. Lake Turkana is of great ecological significance since it is home to a wide array of animals, including roughly 50 species of fish, 12 of which are endemic. Mara. The rising water poses multiple hazards including contamination, landslides, and flooding affecting millions of lives. An example of a drainage basin is shown in Figure 12. The Kerio River is a river in Rift Valley Province, Kenya.It flows northward into Lake Turkana.It is one of the longest rivers in Kenya, originating near the equator. All of the precipitation (rain or snow) that falls within a drainage basin eventually flows into its stream, unless some of that water is able to cross into an adjacent drainage basin via groundwater flow. In 1986, the Kenyan government, with assistance from France, began constructing the Turkwel Dam along the river as part of a hydroelectric power project. What Are The Primary Inflows And Outflows Of Lake Superior? The three rivers include the River Turkwel, which drains its waters into Lake Turkana. The town of … The Kerio and Turkwel rivers supply most of the water that flows into Lake Turkana within Kenya's borders. The mountain soils are red laterite. Wildlife The mountain is the home of black and white colobus monkeys, blue monkey, de brazza monkey, Leopard, Buffalo, Sitatungas and Duiker. Various fauna including hippopotamus, pythons, crocodiles and water birds inhabit the river’s ecosystem. It will take less than 15 years to have a history tale of Lake Turkana which is loosing more water through evaporation. Climatic Conditions. Just below the center, on the west banks, the Turkwel River can be seen entering the lake. Third, mapping areas with heightened flood risk can help to prioritise management interventions. As a. The Turkwel River is another significant source of water for Lake Turkana. There is, however, great variation in the total amount and distribution of the rainfall received in the county. Both river basins and watersheds are areas of land that drain to a particular water body, such as a lake, stream, river or estuary. River flowing from Mount Elgon in the border of Kenya and Uganda to Lake Turkana. As a. Completed in 1991, the dam is also used to supply water for irrigation. The Turkwel River, on the other hand, drains directly into. The most important tributaries of the Omo are the Gibe River, which is its largest tributary, and the Wabe River. This is in addition to the 20,000 families already affected by the flooding of Lake Turkana. What Is The Difference Between Green And Sustainable. In a river basin, all the water drains to a large river. The river is protected at various points, such as in the Tsavo East and Nairobi National Parks. In northwest Kenya, the Turkwel Gorge Dam (figure 1) has reached a historical high, filling to over 92%, with predictions it will overflow at some point in November 2020. The basin The southern ar… Dr Callum Munday (University of Oxford), Dr Ellen Dyer (University of Oxford), Prof Rob Hope (University of Oxford), Prof Daniel Olago (University of Nairobi), Dr Feyera Hirpa (One Concern Inc.). The Kerio River has two main tributaries, the Embobut River and the Arror River, both of which flow along the Elgeyo Escarpment. The long rains fall between April and August while the short rains fall between October and February. Better meteorological data can also improve the accuracy of short-term weather forecasts, which are critical for responsive dam management. The mountain is the catchment area for several rivers such as the Suam River, which becomes the Turkwel downstream and drains into Lake Turkana, and the Nzoia River and the Lwakhakha River, which flow to Lake Victoria. Second, institutions need to have the capacity and accountability to manage multiple and often competing needs for irrigation, hydropower, environmental flows, livestock and domestic water needs. 2018 and 2019 were the 2nd and 4th wettest years in the last 40 years, while 2020 is on course to be the wettest. The objective of the scheme was to settle some selected number of Nomadic families from famine camps in the County. Floodwater from the dam is also likely to be turbid due to the accumulation of silt and clay which lowers water quality. The River Victoria Nile drains from Lake Victoria and falls into Lake Kyoga. 2018) Volatile and extreme rainfall creates difficulties for dam management Figure 1: The Turkwel river drains to Lake Turkana, has a total drainage area of 23,740km2. 12) Turkwel River, also called Susam River starts from Mount Elgon along the border between Kenya and Uganda and empties into Lake Turkana. The triangle indicates location of Turkwel Gorge dam (source: Hirpa et al. Since no rivers flow out of Lake Turkana, its primary outflow is evaporation. The chief executive of the Water Resources Authority, Mohammed Shurie, expects the flooding to affect close to 300,000 people. Lake Turkana is also ranked as the fourth largest saltwater lake in the world in terms of volume. The area from which the water flows to form a stream is known as its drainage basin. What Are The Primary Inflows And Outflows Of Lake Turkana? In 2006, the Ethiopian government began constructing the Gilgel Gibe III Dam along the Omo River as part of a hydroelectric power project. Experts also believe that the increase in salinity would reduce the amount of fish in the lake. The mountain is the catchment area for several rivers such as the Suam River, which becomes the Turkwel downstream and drains into Lake Turkana, and the Nzoia River and the Lwakhakha River, which flow to Lake Victoria. Sanderson's Gulf near Todenyang (sub-catchment 1) drains the area northwest of the lake. In the area of Kabua Gorge, the paleo-Kalokol River had cut down into the faulted volcanic deposits that make up the Lothidok Range. The most important river that drains into Lake Turkana is the Omo River, which flows entirely within Ethiopia's borders. ... Their descendants were largely assimilated into various communities present in their former territories, including the … Topics similar to or like Turkwel River. These rivers are important as Nzoia drains to the trans-boundary Lake Victoria which is the source of River Nile while Turkwel and Kerio drain into Lake Turkana. The wet conditions of the last year are in contrast to drought conditions and very low reservoir levels during the March-May rainy season in 2019. The mountain is the catchment area for the several rivers such as the Suam River which becomes the Turkwel downstream and which drains into Lake Turkana, the Nzoia River and the Lwakhakha which flow to Lake Victoria. Three rivers drain their water into the lake- Turkwel, Kerio and Omo. The scheme is situated along River Turkwel; which is perennial, and irrigation water is diverted by gravity through earth canal to the scheme. Information alone will not lead to better decisions. Lake Turkana, formerly known as Lake Rudolf, is a lake in the Kenyan Rift Valley, in northern Kenya, with its far northern end crossing into Ethiopia. The Turkwel River [1] (sometimes spelled Turkwell River [2]) is a river flowing from Mount Elgon in the … River Nzoia is famous because it is the second-largest river in Kenya and it also has a significant population of crocodiles. The extreme rainfall of the last year is due to a combination of climatic factors, which we do not fully understand. What does this imply for dam management going forward? 2018) Volatile and extreme rainfall creates difficulties for dam management Elgon Caves. The three rivers include the River Turkwel, which drains its waters into Lake Turkana. Uganda has an average height of 1,100 meters above sea level and is on the East African plateau. If the dam spills with significant flooding this will create damage in flood-prone areas. The modern lake Turkana receives about 90% of its water from the Omo River that drains the lush and green Ethiopian Highlands and empties into the north end of the lake. Recent news stories predict that the Turkwel Gorge Dam in northwest Kenya will overflow in November 2020. Lodwar has no alternative water supplies and limited treatment capacity. The overflow from the dam would cause flooding along the Turkwel River, threatening a number of settlements including the Turkana County capital – Lodwar. This communication might be particularly important with respect to seasonal rainfall forecasts, which successfully predicted the above average rainfall of the last year. It is 10am and Paulina Sokome Kibon is preparing tea for breakfast outside their house in Chepkurbei village in Sandai, Baringo County, as her children pack their belongings inside. The Kerio River, which begins in Kenya's Amasya Hills and drains into Lake Turkana, has a length of 217 miles. I got a lot of this information from wikipedia. The potential flooding could affect over 300,000 people in an area accustomed to droughts. Managing dam reservoir levels is especially difficult under these volatile conditions. The first stop was a hike along the Tulu Bor river and delta. And the Turkwel River is essentially within Kenya, but its western fringe rises in Uganda (sub-catchment 6). The triangle indicates location of Turkwel Gorge dam (source: Hirpa et al. Flood risk maps would identify vulnerable people and guide future planning so predictable damage is avoided. 2. Turkwel river originates from Cherangani Hills and has a drainage area of 19,820 km 2 . Additionally, the Turkwel River is a source of water for the Turkwel dam that is used ingeneration of hydro-electric power. drains into Turkwel dam that generates hydro-electric power. The streams tothe West of the watershed feed the Nzoia river system while those to the East feed Kerio river system, those to the … Lake Kyoga dominates the country’s centre. 112 km. The water gradually changes from tan to green near the middle of the lake. A year later, authorities are warning it could spill over. There is a dark green wetlands area surrounded by tan sediments at the northern end, where the Omo River empties into the lake. Since we are in the basin during the dry season, most rivers are now dry and easy to walk along. Rainfall hazards in the 1980s during dam construction are substantially different from today, with altered climatic conditions and a fresh set of social challenges. The scheme by then consisted of about 500acres with each family allocated 1acre as tenant. The country is almost all within the Nile basin. The majority of rainfall in the catchment falls in the upper zones of Mount Elgon where no observed rainfall data exist. Uganda is almost all within the Nile Basin. If you have any questions please contact: Sensor technology for rapidly assessing water quality risks for vulnerable users (TRIGR), Enhancing the Delta Dynamic Integrated Emulator Model, Co-occurrence of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance in microorganisms due to arsenic contamination in water insecure areas of Bangladesh, Arsenic Precision Innovative Rapid Easy-to-use Test (AsPIRE Test), Livelihoods from Enhanced water Access for the Poor in Slums, Understanding women’s water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) vulnerability, Water security risk science: local monitoring for participatory resource management, Pastoralist women and water: understanding the ways in which women’s disempowerment contributes to water security risks, Expanding supply and local demand of safe water at water kiosks in Goma, DRC through improved monitoring of information (SHIELD), Establishing a water quality monitoring network in mid-western Nepal, Water law reform to improve water security for vulnerable people in Africa (SELARE), Water law reform to improve water security for vulnerable people in Africa, Water security risk science: local knowledge for participatory resource management, Gendered dimensions of water security risk in the context of climate variability, sedentarisation and institutional pluralism for pastoralist households in Northern Kenya, Establishing a water quality monitoring network in MidWestern Nepal, Empowerment of vulnerable people to address household WASH security risks, expects the flooding to affect close to 300,000 people, concerns were raised over the dropping levels of the Turkwel dam, authorities are warning it could spill over, extreme rainfall events are associated with high groundwater recharge in many parts of Kenya and Africa, mapping areas with heightened flood risk can help to prioritise management interventions, Regulating rural drinking water services to manage risks and deliver safe water in Bangladesh, Extreme rainfall and management of the Turkwel Gorge Dam in Kenya, New funding to improve water security for 10 million people in Africa and Asia, Towards more equitable water in Wukro, Ethiopia: why this matters for small water-intensive businesses, Making the invisible visible: Measuring empowerment in the WASH sector. First, information gaps need to be addressed. Uganda has an average height of 1,100 metres above the sea level and it is on the East African plateau. the part of the bay facing the strong SE winds for which the lake is known. The turkwel River drains … Its two key tributaries, the Ewaso Nyiro and Ewaso Narok, rise out of the Mount Kenya Forest and Nyandarua ranges respectively. The objective of the scheme was to settle some selected number of Nomadic families from famine camps in the County. Some of the other major rivers in the country are the Dawa at 280 miles and shared with Somalia, the Turkwel at 211 miles and shared with Uganda, and the Nzoia River at 160 miles. Often the most vulnerable and least well-informed are at the greatest risk. The construction of the dam was controversial, particularly among Kenyans, because several hydrological studies suggested that the dam would reduce the amount of water flowing into Lake Turkana. 11) The Nzoia River, 160-mile long, rising from the mountains it flows south and then west, eventually emptying into Lake Victoria . The Victoria Nile drains from Lake Victoria to Lake Kyoga and then runs north into Sudan. The Victoria Nile drains from Lake Victoria to Lake Kyoga and then runs to Sudan. The mountain is the catchment area for several rivers such as the Suam River, which becomes the Turkwel downstream and drains into Lake Turkana, and the Nzoia River and the Lwakhakha River, which flow to Lake Victoria. With climate change increasing the likelihood of extreme conditions, management decisions conditioned on past rainfall dynamics are not a good guide for future stresses. The name Turkwel is derived from the Turkana name for the river, Tir-kol, which means a river that "withstands the wilderness". Lake Turkana is now threatened by the construction of Gilgel Gibe III Dam in … The turquoise coloured waters give it the name the Jade Sea and it was known as Lake Rudolf before it became Lake Turkana. Suam River downstream becomes Turkwel River and drains into Lake Turkana; Nzoia River flows to Lake Victoria; Lwakhakha River flows to Lake Victoria. The river originates in the Uganda side of Mount Elgon and drains into Lake Turkana, the largest desert lake in the world (Avery, 2012), covering a total catchment area of 23,740km2. Mapping flood risks and understanding tradeoffs. Rivers Nzoia and Lwakhakha both drain into Lake Victoria. Urban expansion has drifted into zones which are likely to be flooded. ... River Malewa that drains into Lake Naivasha. 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